Ground-Based Perspectives on Low-Frequency Planetary, Solar, Stellar, and Exoplanetary Radioastronomy

Ground-based radio astronomy plays a central role in the study of heliospheric radio emissions and their distant analogues, from the first detections of solar and Jovian radio signals to contemporary stellar and exoplanetary studies using large interferometric arrays. This paper briefly reviews the historical development, observational techniques, and a selection of scientific results obtained from single-dish instruments, phased arrays, and interferometers, on Jupiter, the Sun, stars, and exoplanets. Advances in time–frequency analysis, polarization measurements, imaging, and digital signal processing have progressively refined our understanding of radio emission mechanisms, source regions, and magnetospheric processes. Recent developments in dynamic spectra extraction from interferometric data and prospects for future facilities such as the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) and lunar-based arrays hold great promises for the future.